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  • Brewster Window - Definition and Applications
    Article - 15 May 2014
    A Brewster window is an uncoated substrate that is positioned at Brewster’s angle within a laser, instead of external mirrors. This substrate acts as a polarizer such that the p-polarized light enters...
  • Pockels Cell - Definitions and Applications
    Article - 3 May 2014
    Pockels cell is an electro-optical device used for switching the direction of polarization of light beams. It is the primary component of various optical devices such as electro-optical modulators and...
  • Optical Pumping - Definition and Applications
    Article - 19 Jun 2014
    Optical pumping is a process in which light energy is used to excite electrons from a lower to higher energy level. It was first developed by Alfred Kastler in the early 1950s. It is primarily used to...
  • What is Optical Density?
    Article - 6 Aug 2014
    Optical density is a term used in the field of optical spectroscopy for describing the propagation of a wave through a material.
  • What is a Wavenumber?
    Article - 16 Sep 2014
    Wavenumber is defined as the number of complete wave cycles per unit length of a linear space. It can also be referred to as the spatial frequency of the waves represented in radians per unit distance...
  • Optical Coherence - Definition and Applications
    Article - 6 May 2014
    Optical coherence is associated with interference effects of light. A field of light is said to be coherent when the electric field values at different locations are in a fixed phase.
  • Michelson Interferometer - Definition and Applications
    Article - 6 May 2014
    Michelson interferometer is a tool to produce interference between two beams of light. It is the most common design for optical interferometry and was invented by Albert Abraham Michelson.
  • Fluorescence - Definition and Applications
    Article - 6 May 2014
    Fluorescence is the emission of light by an atom or molecule following absorption of light or other radiation by the molecule. The emitted light arises due to the transition of the excited electrons...
  • An Introduction to Optical Path Length
    Article - 28 Oct 2014
    In the field of optics, optical path length or optical distance is the product of the geometric length of the path light follows through a system, and the index of refraction of the medium through...
  • Phase-Contrast Microscope - Definition and Applications
    Article - 6 May 2014
    Phase-contrast microscope is a type of light microscopy that intensifies contrasts of transparent and colorless objects by influencing the optical path of light. Phase-contrast microscopy is an...

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