Reviewed by Lexie CornerJan 22 2025
Researchers from the University of Ottawa have developed techniques to enhance terahertz (THz) wave frequency conversion in graphene-based structures. These advancements offer potential applications in faster and more efficient wireless communication and signal processing technologies. The study was published in the journal Light: Science & Applications.
Image Credit: Light: Science & Applications
THz waves, located in the far-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, are used in quality control and security applications, including non-invasive imaging through opaque materials.
THz waves also hold potential for wireless communication. Advancements in THz nonlinear optics, which enable the modification of electromagnetic wave frequencies, are essential for the development of high-speed wireless communication and signal processing systems for 6G technologies and beyond.
Given their relevance in communication, security, healthcare, and quality control, THz technologies are progressing rapidly. To address the gap between GHz electronics and THz photonics, Jean-Michel Ménard, Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Ottawa, and his research team have developed methods to upconvert electromagnetic signals to higher oscillation frequencies.
The study presents novel techniques for enhancing THz nonlinearities in graphene-based devices.
The research marks a significant step forward in improving the efficiency of THz frequency converters, a critical aspect for multi-spectral THz applications and especially the future of communication systems, like 6G.
Jean-Michel Ménard, Associate Professor, University of Ottawa
Ménard collaborated on the project with fellow University of Ottawa researchers Ali Maleki and Robert W. Boyd, as well as Moritz B. Heindl and Georg Herink from the University of Bayreuth, Germany, and Iridian Spectral Technologies.
The study explores graphene's unique optical properties, leveraging its potential as a quantum material composed of a single layer of carbon atoms. This 2D material can be readily integrated into devices, enabling new applications in communication and signal processing.
Previous research combining THz light and graphene primarily focused on fundamental light-matter interactions, often examining the effects of a single experimental parameter. These studies typically yielded weak nonlinear effects.
To address this limitation, Ménard and his collaborators used advanced techniques to enhance nonlinear effects, optimizing graphene's unique properties for improved performance in THz applications.
Our experimental platform and novel device architectures offer the possibility to explore a vast range of materials beyond graphene and potentially identify new nonlinear optical mechanisms. Such research and development are crucial for refining THz frequency conversion techniques and eventually integrating this technology into practical applications, particularly to enable efficient, chip-integrated nonlinear THz signal converters that will drive future communication systems.
Ali Maleki, Ph.D. Student, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa
Maleki is the one who collected and analyzed the results for the study.
Journal Reference:
Maleki, A., et al. (2025) Strategies to enhance THz harmonic generation combining multilayered, gated, and metamaterial-based architectures. Light Science & Applications. doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01657-1.